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Created it, 06/09/09
Update it, 06/09/11
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4. - THE MICROPROCESSOR
An important stage was in 1971 the microprocessor born of the techniques of close integration. It was going to bring a radical change in the manner of designing and of producing the electronic instruments.
Numerical electronics had just passed from logic cabled to programmed logic. Indeed, the microprocessor does not ensure of specific and immutable functions, but acts according to a program developped at the point, then introduced into its memory. It is understood thus easily that it is enough to change the program so that this one carries out another task.
The first microprocessor was manufactured by INTEL in 1971, it was model 4.004. In 1972, INTEL leaves its model 8.008 : success is total.
The microprocessor does not cease since improving its performances and seeing its cost decreasing.
This evolution allowed the development of the first personal computers.
Micro the computers using of the microprocessors from now on are sold with the chart. The user can thus adapt it to his own needs and associate the peripherals of his choice to him (keyboard, video screen or monitor, diskettes, hard disks, etc…).
5. - APPLICATIONS OF THE MICROPROCESSOR
The applications of the microprocessor are innumerable. It is used as central processing unit in the pocket calculators or the numerical watches.
One finds it in the video games.
In the cars, one more and more often meets it is for the engine control or the instrumentation.
Certain apparatuses from now on are equipped with the word. Elementary sounds, or phonemes, constituting the word are put in memory. The microprocessor manages this memory, to leave the coherent sounds there limiting the voice.
Until now, the man-machine dialog was carried out using a keyboard. But there are already systems recognizing the word.
The microprocessor is also used in the hospitals for the monitoring of certain patients or in the doctors for the assistance with the diagnosis of certain rare or complex diseases.
At the office, the microprocessor facilitates the task of the personnel :
it sorts the mail
it establishes invoices and pays
it manages stocks and establishes financial forecasts
it composes of the texts.
At the house :
it allows a more flexible use of the washing machines which can be programmed
it controls the operation of the heating for comfort and the economy.
With the factory : it manages manufacture, it controls, it plans.
At the laboratory : it carries out the most complex calculations, with a speed above suspicion, thus bringing an important help to research.
In telecommunications, it manages the telephone exchanges and the connections by satellites. In aeronautics, it calculates : wind, tides, running, altitudes and angles of incidence to the landing.
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